What are bones anyway?
bones are living, supporting mineralized tissues of the body. The bone tissue is built in a continuous, broken down (resorbed) and restored again. In this process two cell types are involved: first, the osteoblast cells - produce new bone, on the other hand, the osteoclasts - cells that resorb bone back to the previously constructed. Old bones are brittle and can break easily. Old bone is resorbed by the osteoclasts. This is replaced by, produced by osteoblasts, new bone. Compact bone (ie bone) in the arms and legs has an average life of seven years. The more porous, lighter and shorter bones of the spine, heel, and the ends of long bones have an average lifespan of two years. So it is that bones become larger and stronger, with fractures and injuries heal and one's life may remain strong.
Calcium chain
One can imagine bone as a mineralized cartilage. Bones are made of collagen fibers (needs vitamin C and A), which were mineralized for more strength. The most important minerals for this process is calcium. Calcium is absorbed by plants from the earth. When Digestion is calcium in the blood stream over (for this process is gastric acid and vitamin D needed). When bone cells are healthy and have offered the right nutrients and hormones, they build the calcium from the bloodstream into the bone. In humans, the right balance of bone resorption (by osteoclasts) and bone formation (osteoblasts) from the gonadotropic hormones, that is controlled by estrogen and progesterone in women and in men testosterone. In addition, the stress during sports activities, a stimulus for new bone formation. This chain of events is illustrated by the example of women in the following diagram:
calcium - From the source to the bone
plants
↓
digestive
↓ gastric acid
vitamin D
bloodstream
exercise / sports
progesterone
(stimulated osteoblasts)
↓ estrogen
(slight hindrance of osteoclast activity)
micronutrients (see below)
avoid excessive protein intake
avoid antibiotics, diuretics and calcium fluoride rinsing
bone
important micronutrients
minerals
o recommended magnesium supplement recommended
o zinc supplementation
o manganese, boron, silicon and copper can unprocessed foods can be added
o fluorine is toxic to osteoblasts and should be avoided
vitamins
o D supplementation is usually necessary
o C (ascorbic acid) supplement is usually necessary
o A (beta carotene) supplementation recommended
o B6 (pyridoxine) supplements may be recommended
The protein problem
Excessive protein in the food can cause a negative calcium balance, ie, more calcium is the is excreted in urine as recorded by the digestion. The correct feed is about 40-60g/Tag for a 70kg person. Meat and cheese contain about 25% protein per weight.
causes of osteoporosis
A. It may happen that even menstruated in years in which a woman, bone formation by insufficient mineral or other nutrient intake is deficient. This is found particularly in the Standard American Diet (SAD). Here are the calorie intake consists mainly of refined starch and ready meals, wherein the diet is very high lack of vitamin C, zinc and magnesium shows.
The Standard American Diet also contains much protein, which leads to a negative calcium balance. It is excreted more calcium in the urine as obtained from food. This deprives the bone calcium.
excessive phosphorus intake such as by Coca Cola drinks and other Phospho-soda also deprives the bone calcium.
also drive many women lack of exercise. If bones are not good the regular stress, physical exertion, are subject in general, they lose calcium.
And last but not least - even cigarette smoking is associated with the loss of bone mass associated.
Thus, many women start already with a significant (20-30%) loss of bone mass in the menopausal years.
B. During the 5-8 years before menopause, many women have anovulatory cycles. That is, they do not ovulate every month and therefore produce no progesterone in these months, despite having a normal cycle. The loss of progesterone reduces the Osteoblast activity, so there is less bone formation. The balance has now shifted in favor of osteoclasts (bone resorption). It comes to osteoporosis, although sufficient estrogen in the body is present.
C. With menopause the ovaries produce not enough estrogen. This leads to a moderate increase in osteoclastic bone resorption, which in turn drives the osteoporosis. Now, if estrogen is given, the advanced bone loss can be mitigated. This effect of estrogen can not reverse the bone loss. Also has this effect of estrogen only 3-5 years and therefore has only a minor impact on the all osteoporotic process. The main reason for osteoporosis is inadequate bone structure due to lack of progesterone. Osteoporosis can not be undone - unless there is sufficient progesterone offered.
prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
first Do you eat mainly grains, fresh vegetables (especially leafy vegetables) and only occasional red meat. Avoid refined starch and soda. Do not smoke cigarettes.
second Complete enough vitamin C, D and beta-carotene and the minerals magnesium and zinc. Normally, in the daily food enough calcium, but a gift-300mg a day is ok if you are over 70 years, a stomach acid be appropriate supportive capsule with meals.
third If there are no breast or ovarian cancer, a blood clotting disorder, diabetes, obesity and these diseases can not occur in the family, can be taken into consideration extra estrogen after menopause a small dose. But this is only recommended if symptoms such as vaginal dryness or hot flashes.
4th A 60g tube of transdermal progesterone cream should be applied 2-3 weeks a month on varying skin areas. The dosage should be chosen so that the tube is used up after two months.
5th The course of treatment should be monitored every 6-12 months by bone density measurements (DXA or dual photon absorptiometry). Also, a quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is possible, but this test method is more expensive and is associated with more X-rays.
What about other treatments?
A. Synthetic progesterone
Many progesterone-like drugs (known as progestins or progestogens) are made from progesterone, testosterone, synthesized or otherwise. They are all in comparison to natural Progesterone inferior and have unwanted side effects - some of them dangerous. Therefore, these drugs should not be used.
as etidronate and other bi-(or di-) phosphonates
These drugs reduce the function of osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption. This results over time (after about two years of operation) to a modest increase in bone mass. However, these old bones accumulated no good quality bone, leading to increased hip fractures in the third and fourth year of application. These drugs are expensive and complicated to use. Moreover, their long-term toxicity is still unknown.
C. Salmon calcitonin
people produce the hormone calcitonin in the thyroid. However, patients develop a thyroid removal no worse osteoporosis than women with intact thyroid gland. Osteoporosis is not caused by Calcitoninmangel disease. Nevertheless Calcitoninspritzen stimulate bone formation, and are in Paget's disease, a rare bone disease, is indicated.
The drug is extracted from the pineal gland of salmon. If there are people injecting it comes to a momentary formation of new bone. However, the immune system develops antibodies to the relatively fast salmon extract and blocked to further success. After weaning, the bone quickly lose the temporary positive effect.
D. fluorine
went fluoride binds to calcium, since some of them out there that could be a potential help to increase bone calcium. In the context of "therapeutic" doses of 30mg daily, there is a modest increase in bone mass, but the resulting bone quality so poor that increase hip fractures after three to four years of fluoride "treatment" to 300-600%. In addition, fluoride is so toxic (gastro-intestinal inflammation, ulcers, bleeding and joint pain) that 40% and everything must be in the patient's agent. Dr. Riggs and Dr. Kleerkoper and others who recommended this treatment once agreed to by now that it is not suitable for the treatment of osteoporosis.
The effects on bone in lower doses, such as with fluoridated water has been studied in recent years in five epidemiological studies * good. All five studies have shown that fluoridation leads to an increase in hip fractures. The last test series (JAMA, August 12, 1992) found that fluoridation to 30% more hip fractures in women and 40% more leads in men. Various specious arguments of some health authorities Despite there are no reliable studies showing that hip fractures could be prevented by fluorine.
osteoporosis is not based on fluorine deficiency. Fluoride is toxic in any amount for the bone, even in quantities as they are added to the water.
Author: Dr. John R. Lee, revised by Dr DF Smallbone
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